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保护世界文化和自然遗产公约内容

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发表于 2022-10-25 09:09:29 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 <
Ⅰ文化和自然遗产的定义
第1条
       在本公约中,以下各项为“文化遗产”:从历史、艺术或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的建筑物、碑雕和碑画、具有考古性质成份或结构、铭文、窟洞以及联合体;从历史、艺术或科学角度看在建筑式样、分布均匀或与环境景色结合方面具有突出的普遍价值的单立或连接的建筑群; 从历史、审美、人种学或人类学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的人类工程或自然与人联合工程以及考古地址等地方。
第2条
       在本公约中,以下各项为“自然遗产”.从审美或科学角度看具有突出的普遍价值的由物质和生物结构或这类结构群组成的自然面貌;从科学或保护角度看具有突出的普遍价值的地质和自然地理结构以及明确划为受威胁的动物和植物生境区;从科学、保护或自然美角度看具有突出的普遍价值的天然名胜或明确划分的自然区域。
第3条
       本公约缔约国均可自行确定和划分上面第1条和第2条中提及的、该国领土内的文化和自然财产。

Ⅱ文化和自然遗产的国家保护和国际保护
第4条
       本公约缔约国均承认,保证第1条和第2条中提及的、该国领土内的文化和自然遗产的确定、保护、保存、展出和遗传后代,主要是有关国家的责任。该国将为此目的竭尽全力,最大限度地利用该国资源,必要时利用所能获得的国际援助和合作,特别是财政、艺术、科学及技术方面的援助和合作。
第5条
       为保护、保存和展出该国领土内的文化和自然遗产采取积极有效的措施,本公约各缔约国应视该国具体倩况尽力做到以下几点。
       (a)通过一项旨在使文化和自然遗产在社会生活中起一定作用并把遗产保护纳入全面规划计划的总政策;
       (b)如该国内尚未建立负责文化和自然遗产的保护、保存和展出的机构,则建立一个或几个此类机构,配备适当的工作人员和为履行其职能所需的手段;
       (c)发展科学和技术研究,并制订出能够抵抗威胁该国自然遗产的危险的实际方法;
       (d)采取为确定、保护、保存、展出和恢复这类遗产所需的适当的法律、科学、技术、行政和财政措施;
       (e)促进建立或发展有关保护、保存和展出文化和自然遗产的国家或地区培训中心,并鼓励这方面的科学研究。
第6条
       1.本公约缔约国,在充分尊重第1条和第2条中提及的文化和自然遗产的所在国的主权,并不使国家立法规定的财产权受到损害的同时,承认这类遗产是世界遗产的一部分,因此,整个国际社会有责任合作予以保护。
       2.缔约国根据本公约的规定,应有关国家的要求帮助该国确定、保护、保存和展出第11条第2和4段中提及的文化和自然遗产。
       3.本公约各缔约国不得故意采取任何可能直接或间接损害本公约其他缔约国领土内的第1条和第2条中提及的文化和自然遗产的措施。
第7条
       在本公约中,世界文化和自然遗产的国际保护应被理解为建立一个旨在支持本公约缔约国保存和确定这类遗产的努力的国际合作的援助系统。

Ⅲ保护世界文化和自然遗产政府间委员会
第8条
       1.在联合国教育、科学及文化组织内,现建立一个保护具有突出的普遍价值的文化和自然遗产政府间委员会,称为“世界遗产委员会”。由联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会常会期间召集的本公约缔约国大会选出的15个缔约国组成。委员会成员国的数目将在至少40个缔约国实施本公约之后的大会常会之日起增至21个。
       2.委员会委员的选举须保证均衡地代表世界的不同地区和不同文化。
       3.国际文物保护与修复研究中心(罗马中心)的一名代表、国际古迹遗址理事会的一名代表以及国际及资源保护联盟的一名代表可以咨询者身份出席委员会的会议,此外,应联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会常会期间举行大会的本公约缔约国提出的要求,其他具有类似目标的政府间或非政府组织的代表亦可以咨询者份出席委员会的会议。
第9条
       1.世界遗产委员会成员国的任期自当选之应届大会常会结束时起至应届大会后第三次常会闭幕时止。
       2.但是,第一次选举时指定的委员中,有三分之一的委员的任期应于当选之应届大会后第一次常会闭幕时截止;同时指定的委员中,另有三分之一的委员的任期应于当选之应届大会后第二次常会闭幕截止。这些委员由联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会主席在第上次选举后抽签决定。
       3.委员会员国应选派在文化或自然遗产方面有资历的人员担任代表。
第10条
       1.世界遗产委员会应通过其议事规则。
       2.委员会可随时遨请公共或私立组织或个人参加其会议,以就具体问题进行磋商。
       3.委员会可设立它认为为屐行其职能所需的咨询机构。
第11条
       1.本公约备缔约国应尽力向世界遗产委员会递交一份关于该国领土内适于列入本条第2段所述《世界遗产目录》的、组成文化和自然遗产的财产的清单。这份清单不应当看作是齐全的,它应包括有关财产的所在地及其意义的文献资料。
       2.根据缔约国按照第1段规定递交的清单,委员会应制订、更新和出版一份《世界遗产目录》,其中所列的均为本公约第1条和第2条确定的文化遗产和自然遗产的组成部分,也是委员会按照自己制订的标准认为是具有突出的普遍价值的遗产。一份最新目录应至少每两年分发一次。
       3.把一项财产列入《世界遗产目录》需征得有关国家同意。当几个国家对某一领土的主权或管辖权均提出要求时,将该领土内的一项财产列入.《目录》不得损害争端各方的权利。
       4.委员会应在必要时制订、更新和出版一份《处于危险的世界遗产目录》其中所列财产均为载于《世界遗产目录》之中、需要采取重大活动加以保护并为根据本公约要求给予援助的财产。《处于危险的世界遗产目录》应载有这类活动的费用概算,并只可包括文化和自然遗产中受到下述严重的特殊危险威胁的财产,这些危险是,蜕变加剧、大规模公共或私人工程、城市或旅游业迅速发展计划造成的消失威胁;土地的使用变动或易主造成的破坏;未知原因造成的重大变化、随意摈弃武装冲突的爆发或威胁;灾害和灾变;严重火灾、地震、山崩;火山爆发;水位变动、洪水和海啸等。委员会在紧急需要时随时在《处于危险的世界遗产目录》中增列新条目并立即予以发表。
       5.委员会应确定属于文化或自然遗产的财产可被列入本条第2和4段中提及的目录所依据的标准。
       6.委员会在拒绝一项要求列入本条第2和4段中提及的目录之一的申请之前,应与有关文化或自然财产所在缔约国磋商。
       7.委员会经与有关国家商定,应协调和鼓励为拟订本条第2和4段、中提及的目录所需进行的研究。
第12条
       未被列入第11条第2和4段提及的两个目录的属于文化或自然遗产的财产,决非意味着在列入这些目录的目的之外的其他领域不具有突出的普遍价值。
第13条
       1.世界遗产委员会应接收并研究本公约缔约国就已经列入或可能适于列入第11条第2和4段中提及的目录的该国领土内成为文化或自然遗产的财产要求国际援助而递交的申请。这种申请的目的可能是保证这类财产得到保护、保存、展出或恢复。
       2.本条第1条中提到的国际援助申请还可能涉及鉴定哪些财产属于第1和第2条确定的文化或自然遗产,当初步调查表明此项调查值得进行下去。
       3.委员会应对这些申请所需采取的符动作出决定,必要时应确定其援助的性质和程度,并授权以它的名义与有关政府作出必要的安排。
       4.委员会应制订其活动的优先顾序并在进行这项工作时应考虑到需予保护的财产对世界文化和自然遗产各具的重要性、对最能代表一种自然环境或世界各国人民的才华和历史的财产给予国际援助的必要性、所需开展工作的迫切性、拥有受到威胁的财产的国家现有的资源、特别是这些国家利用该国资源保护这类财产的能力大小。
       5.委员会应制订、更新和发表已给予国际援助的遗产目录。
       6.委员会应就本公约第15条下设立的基金的资金使用问题作出决定。委员会应设法增加这类资金,并为此目的采取一切有益的措施。
       7.委员会应与拥有与本公约目标相似的目标的国际和国家级政府组织和非政府组织合作。委员会为实施其计划和项目,可约请这类组织,特别是国际文物保护与修复研究中心(罗马中心)、国际古迹遗址理事会和国际自然及自然资源保护联盟并可约请公共和私立机构及个人。
       8.委员会的决定应经出席及参加表决的委员的三分之二多数通过。委员会委员的多数构成法定人数。
第14条
       1.世界遗产委员会应由联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事任命组成的一个秘书处协助工作。
       2.联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事应尽可能充分利用国际文物保护与修复研究中(罗马中心)、国际古迹遗址理事会和国际自然资源保护联盟在各自职权范围内提供的服务,以为委员会准备文件资料,制定员会会议议程,并负责执行委员会的决定。

Ⅳ保护世界自然和文化基金
第15条
       1.现设立一项保护有突出的普遍价值的世界文化和自然遗产基金,称为"世界遗产基金"。
       2.根据联合国家教育、科学及文化组织《财务条例》的规定,此项基金应构成一项信托基金。
       3.基金的资金来源应包括.(a)本公约缔国义务捐款和自愿捐款(b)下列方面可能提供的捐款、赠款或遗赠,(i)其他国家(ii)联合国教育、科学及文化组织、联合国系统的其他组织(特别是联合国开发计划署)或其他政府间组织 (iii)公共或私立机构或个人 (c)基金款项所得利息 (d)募捐的资金和为本基金组织的活动的所得收入 (e)世界遗产委员会拟订的基金例所认可的所有其他资金。
       4.对基金的捐款和向委员会提供的其他形式的援助只能用于委员会限定的目的。委员会可接受仅用于某个计划或项目的捐款,但以委员会业已决定实施该计划或项目为条件。对基金的捐款不得带有政治条件。
第16条
       1.在不影响任何自愿补充捐款的情况下,本公约缔约国每两年定期向世界遗产基金纳款,本公约缔约国大会应在联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会届会期间开会确定适用于所有缔约国的一个统一的纳款额百分比。缔约国大会关于此间题的决定,需由未作本条第2段中所述声明的、出席及参加表决的缔约国的多数通过。本公约缔国的义务纳款在任何情况下都不得超过对联合国教育、科学及文化组织正常预算纳款的百分之一。
       2.然而,本公约第31条或第32条中提及的国家均可在交存批准书、接受书或加入书时声明不受本条第1段规定的约束。
       3.已作本条第2段中所述声明的本公约缔约国可随时通过通细联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事收回所作声明、然而,收回声明之举在紧接的一届本公约缔约国大会之日以前不得影响该国义务捐款。
       4.为使委员会得以有效规划其活动,已作本条第2段中所述声明的本公约缔约国应至少每两年定期款,纳款不得少于它们如受本条第1段规定约束所须交纳的款额
       5.凡拖延交付当年和前一日历年的义务纳款或自愿捐款的本公约缔约国不能当选:一世界遗产委员会成员,但此项规定不适用于第一次选举。属于上述情况但已当选委员会成员的缔约国的任期应在本公约第8条第1段规定的选举之时截止。
第17条
       本公约缔约国应考虑或鼓励设立旨在为保护本公约第1条和第2条中所确定的文化和自然遗产募捐的国家、公并及私立基金会或协会。
第18条
       本公约缔约国应对在联合国教育、科学及文化组织赞助下为世界遗产基金所组织的国际募款运动给予援助。它们应为第15条第3段中提及的机构为此目的所进行的募款活动提供便利。

Ⅴ国际援助的条件和安排
第19条
       凡公约缔约国均可要求对该国领土内组成具有突出的普遍价值的的文化或自然遗产之财产给予国际援助。它在递交申请时还应按照第21条规定所拥有的有助于委员会作出决定的文伴资料。
第20条
       除第13条第2段、第22条(c)分段第23条所述情况外,本公约规定提供的国际援助仅限于世界遗产委员会业已决定或可能决定列入第11条第2和4段中所述目录的文化和自然遗产的财产。
第21条
       1.世界遗产委员会应制定对向它提交的国际援助申请的审议程序,并应确定申请应包括的内容,即打算开展的活动、必要的工程、工程的预计费用和紧急程度以及申请国的资源不能满足所有开支的原因所在。这类申请须尽可能附有专家报告。
       2.对因遭受灾难或自然灾害而提出的申请,由于可能需要开展紧急工作,委员会应立即给予优先审议,委员会应掌握一笔应急储备金。
       3.委员会在作出决定之前,应进行它认为必要的研究和磋商。
第22条
       世界遗产委员会提供的援助可采取下述形式.
       (a)研究在保护、保存、展出和恢复本公约第11条第2和4段所确定的文化和自然遗产方面所产生的艺术、科学和技术性问题;
       (b)提供专家、技术人员和熟练工人,以保证正确地进行已批准的工作;
       (c)在备级培训文化和自然遗产的鉴定、保护、保存、展出和恢复方面的工作人员和专家;
       (d)提供有关国家不具备或无法获得的设备;
       (e)在例外和特殊情况下提供无偿补助金。
第23条
       世界遗产委员会还可向培训文化和自然遗产的遣定、保护、保存、展出和方面的备级工作人员和专家的国家或地区中心提供国际援助。
第24条
       在提供大规模的国际援助之前,应先进行周密的科学、经济和技术研究。这些研究应考虑采用保护、保存、展出和恢复自然和文化遗产方面最先进的技术,并应与本公约的目标相一致。这些研究还应探讨合理利用有关国家现有资源的手段。
第25条
       原则上,国际社会只担负必要工程的部分费用。除非该国资源不许可,受益于国际援助的国家承担的费用应构成用于各项计划或项目的资金的主要份额。
第26条
       世界遗产委员会和受援国应在它们签订的协定中确定享有根据本公约规定提供的国际援助的计划或项目的实施条件。应由接受这类国援助的国家负责按照协定制定的条件对如此卫护的财产继续加以保护、保存和展出。

Ⅵ教育计划
第27条
       1.本公约缔约国应通过一切适当手段,特别是教育和宣传计划,努力增强该国人民对本公约第1和2条中所确定的文化和自然遗产的赞赏和尊重。
       2.缔约国应使公众广泛了解对这类遗产造成威胁的危险和根据本公约进行的活动。
第28条
       接受根据本公约提供的国际援助的缔约国应采取适当措施,使人们了解接受援助的财产的重要性和国际援助所发挥的作用。

Ⅶ报告
第29条
       1.本公约缔约国在按照联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会确定的日期和方式向该组织大会递交的报告中,应提供有关它们为实行本公约所通过的法律和行政规定和采取的其他行动的情况,并详述在这方面获得的经验。
       2.应申请世界遗产委员会注意这些报告。
       3.委员会应在联合国教育、科学及文化组织大会的每届常会上递交一份关于其活动的报告。

Ⅷ最后条款
第30条
       本公约以阿拉伯、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文拟订,五种文本同一作准。
第31条
       1.本公约应由联合国教育、科学及文化组织会员国根据备自的宪法程序予以批准或接受。
       2.批准书或接受书应交存联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事。
第32条
       1.所有非联合国教育、科学及文化组织会员的国家,经该组织大会邀请均可加入本公约。
       2.向联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事交存一份加入书后,加入方才有效。
第33条
       本公约须在第二十份批准书、接受书或加入书交存之日的三个月之后生效,但这仅涉及在该日或之前交存备自批准书、接受书或加入书的国家。就任何其他国家而言,本公约应在这些国家交存其批准书、接受书或加入书的三个月之后生效。
第34条
       一述规定须应用于拥有联邦制或非单一立宪制的本公约缔约国。
       (a)关于在联邦或中央立法机构的法律管辖下实施的本公约规定,联邦或中央政府的义务应与非联邦国家的缔约国的义务相同;
       (b)关于在无须按照联邦立宪制采取立法措施的联邦备个国家、地区、省或州法律管辖下实施的本公约规定,联邦政府应将这些规定连同其关于予以通过的建议一并通告各个国家、地区、省或州的主管当局。
第35条
       1.本公约缔约国均可通告废除本公约。
       2.废约通告应以一份书面文件交存联合国教育、科学及文化组织的总干事。
       3.公约的废除应接到废的通告书一年后生效。废约在生效日之前不得影响退约国承拒的财政义务。
第36条
       联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事应将第31和32条规定交存的所有批准书、接受书或加入书。第35规定的废约等事通告本组织会员国、第32条中提及的非本组织会员的国家以及联合国。
第37条
       1.本公约可由联合国教育、科学及文化组织的大会修订。但任何修订只对将成为修订的公约缔约国具有约束力。
       2.如大会通过一项全部或部分修订本公约的新公约,除非新公约另有规定,本公约应从新的修订公约生效之日起停止批准、接受或加入。
第38条
       按照《联合国宪章》第102条,本公约须应联合国教育、科学及文化组织总干事的要求在联合国秘书处登记。


Convention concerning the Protection of the world cultural And natural heritage

Adopted by the General Conference at its seventeenth session

Paris, 16 november 1972

English Text 1

CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION
OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE
The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization meeting in Paris from 17 October to 21 November 1972, at its seventeenth session,
Noting that the cultural heritage and the natural heritage are increasingly threatened with destruction not only by the traditional causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions which aggravate the situation with even more formidable phenomena of damage or destruction,
Considering that deterioration or disappearance of any item of the cultural or natural heritage constitutes a harmful impoverishment of the heritage of all the nations of the world,
Considering that protection of this heritage at the national level often remains incomplete because of the scale of the resources which it requires and of the insufficient economic, scientific, and technological resources of the country where the property to be protected is situated,
Recalling that the Constitution of the Organization provides that it will maintain, increase, and diffuse knowledge by assuring the conservation and protection of the world's heritage, and recommending to the nations concerned the necessary international conventions,
Considering that the existing international conventions, recommendations and resolutions concerning cultural and natural property demonstrate the importance, for all the peoples of the world, of safeguarding this unique and irreplaceable property, to whatever people it may belong,
Considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are of outstanding interest and therefore need to be preserved as part of the world heritage of mankind as a whole,
Considering that, in view of the magnitude and gravity of the new dangers threatening them, it is incumbent on the international community as a whole to participate in the protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, by the granting of collective assistance which, although not taking the place of action by the State concerned, will serve as an efficient complement thereto,
Considering that it is essential for this purpose to adopt new provisions in the form of a convention establishing an effective system of collective protection of the cultural and natural heritage of outstanding universal value, organized on a permanent basis and in accordance with modern scientific methods,
Having decided, at its sixteenth session, that this question should be made the subject of an international convention,
Adopts this sixteenth day of November 1972 this Convention.
I. DEFINITION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 1
For the purpose of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage":
monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.

Article 2
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage":
natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations, which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;
geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation;
natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.

Article 3
It is for each State Party to this Convention to identify and delineate the different properties situated on its territory mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 above.
II. NATIONAL PROTECTION AND INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 4
Each State Party to this Convention recognizes that the duty of ensuring the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and transmission to future generations of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 and situated on its territory, belongs primarily to that State. It will do all it can to this end, to the utmost of its own resources and, where appropriate, with any international assistance and co-operation, in particular, financial, artistic, scientific and technical, which it may be able to obtain.

Article 5
To ensure that effective and active measures are taken for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage situated on its territory, each State Party to this Convention shall endeavor, in so far as possible, and as appropriate for each country:
(a) to adopt a general policy which aims to give the cultural and natural heritage a function in the life of the community and to integrate the protection of that heritage into comprehensive planning programmes;
(b) to set up within its territories, where such services do not exist, one or more services for the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage with an appropriate staff and possessing the means to discharge their functions;
(c) to develop scientific and technical studies and research and to work out such operating methods as will make the State capable of counteracting the dangers that threaten its cultural or natural heritage;
(d) to take the appropriate legal, scientific, technical, administrative and financial measures necessary for the identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of this heritage; and
(e) to foster the establishment or development of national or regional centres for training in the protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage and to encourage scientific research in this field.

Article 6
1. Whilst fully respecting the sovereignty of the States on whose territory the cultural and natural heritage mentioned in Articles 1 and 2 is situated, and without prejudice to property right provided by national legislation, the States Parties to this Convention recognize that such heritage constitutes a world heritage for whose protection it is the duty of the international community as a whole to co-operate.
2. The States Parties undertake, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, to give their help in the identification, protection, conservation and presentation of the cultural and natural heritage referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 if the States on whose territory it is situated so request.
3. Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to take any deliberate measures which might damage directly or indirectly the cultural and natural heritage referred to in Articles 1 and 2 situated on the territory of other States Parties to this Convention.

Article 7
For the purpose of this Convention, international protection of the world cultural and natural heritage shall be understood to mean the establishment of a system of international co-operation and assistance designed to support States Parties to the Convention in their efforts to conserve and identify that heritage.
III INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 8

1. An Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the Cultural and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Committee", is hereby established within the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It shall be composed of 15 States Parties to the Convention, elected by States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The number of States members of the Committee shall be increased to 21 as from the date of the ordinary session of the General Conference following the entry into force of this Convention for at least 40 States.
2. Election of members of the Committee shall ensure an equitable representation of the different regions and cultures of the world.
3. A representative of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (Rome Centre), a representative of the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and a representative of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), to whom may be added, at the request of States Parties to the Convention meeting in general assembly during the ordinary sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, representatives of other intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations, with similar objectives, may attend the meetings of the Committee in an advisory capacity.

Article 9
1. The term of office of States members of the World Heritage Committee shall extend from the end of the ordinary session of the General Conference during which they are elected until the end of its third subsequent ordinary session.
2. The term of office of one-third of the members designated at the time of the first election shall, however, cease at the end of the first ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected; and the term of office of a further third of the members designated at the same time shall cease at the end of the second ordinary session of the General Conference following that at which they were elected. The names of these members shall be chosen by lot by the President of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization after the first election.
3. States members of the Committee shall choose as their representatives persons qualified in the field of the cultural or natural heritage.

Article 10
1. The World Heritage Committee shall adopt its Rules of Procedure.
2. The Committee may at any time invite public or private organizations or individuals to participate in its meetings for consultation on particular problems.
3. The Committee may create such consultative bodies as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions.

Article 11
1. Every State Party to this Convention shall, in so far as possible, submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage, situated in its territory and suitable for inclusion in the list provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article. This inventory, which shall not be considered exhaustive, shall include documentation about the location of the property in question and its significance.
2. On the basis of the inventories submitted by States in accordance with paragraph 1, the Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, under the title of "World Heritage List," a list of properties forming part of the cultural heritage and natural heritage, as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention, which it considers as having outstanding universal value in terms of such criteria as it shall have established. An updated list shall be distributed at least every two years.
3. The inclusion of a property in the World Heritage List requires the consent of the State concerned. The inclusion of a property situated in a territory, sovereignty or jurisdiction over which is claimed by more than one State shall in no way prejudice the rights of the parties to the dispute.
4. The Committee shall establish, keep up to date and publish, whenever circumstances shall so require, under the title of "list of World Heritage in Danger", a list of the property appearing in the World Heritage List for the conservation of which major operations are necessary and for which assistance has been requested under this Convention. This list shall contain an estimate of the cost of such operations. The list may include only such property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage as is threatened by serious and specific dangers, such as the threat of disappearance caused by accelerated deterioration, large-scale public or private projects or rapid urban or tourist development projects; destruction caused by changes in the use or ownership of the land; major alterations due to unknown causes; abandonment for any reason whatsoever; the outbreak or the threat of an armed conflict; calamities and cataclysms; serious fires, earthquakes, landslides; volcanic eruptions; changes in water level, floods and tidal waves. The Committee may at any time, in case of urgent need, make a new entry in the List of World Heritage in Danger and publicize such entry immediately.
5. The Committee shall define the criteria on the basis of which a property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage may be included in either of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.
6. Before refusing a request for inclusion in one of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article, the Committee shall consult the State Party in whose territory the cultural or natural property in question is situated.
7. The Committee shall, with the agreement of the States concerned, co-ordinate and encourage the studies and research needed for the drawing up of the lists referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article.

Article 12
The fact that a property belonging to the cultural or natural heritage has not been included in either of the two lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 shall in no way be construed to mean that it does not have an outstanding universal value for purposes other than those resulting from inclusion in these lists.

Article 13
1. The World Heritage Committee shall receive and study requests for international assistance formulated by States Parties to this Convention with respect to property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage, situated in their territories, and included or potentially suitable for inclusion in the lists mentioned referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11. The purpose of such requests may be to secure the protection, conservation, presentation or rehabilitation of such property.
2. Requests for international assistance under paragraph 1 of this article may also be concerned with identification of cultural or natural property defined in Articles 1 and 2, when preliminary investigations have shown that further inquiries would be justified.
3. The Committee shall decide on the action to be taken with regard to these requests, determine where appropriate, the nature and extent of its assistance, and authorize the conclusion, on its behalf, of the necessary arrangements with the government concerned.
4. The Committee shall determine an order of priorities for its operations. It shall in so doing bear in mind the respective importance for the world cultural and natural heritage of the property requiring protection, the need to give international assistance to the property most representative of a natural environment or of the genius and the history of the peoples of the world, the urgency of the work to be done, the resources available to the States on whose territory the threatened property is situated and in particular the extent to which they are able to safeguard such property by their own means.
5. The Committee shall draw up, keep up to date and publicize a list of property for which international assistance has been granted. 8
6. The Committee shall decide on the use of the resources of the Fund established under Article 15 of this Convention. It shall seek ways of increasing these resources and shall take all useful steps to this end.
7. The Committee shall co-operate with international and national governmental and non-governmental organizations having objectives similar to those of this Convention. For the implementation of its programmes and projects, the Committee may call on such organizations, particularly the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), as well as on public and private bodies and individuals.
8. Decisions of the Committee shall be taken by a majority of two-thirds of its members present and voting. A majority of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum.

Article 14
1. The World Heritage Committee shall be assisted by a Secretariat appointed by the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
2. The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, utilizing to the fullest extent possible the services of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property (the Rome Centre), the International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in their respective areas of competence and capability, shall prepare the Committee's documentation and the agenda of its meetings and shall have the responsibility for the implementation of its decisions.

IV FUND FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE

Article 15
1. A Fund for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of Outstanding Universal Value, called "the World Heritage Fund", is hereby established. 9
2. The Fund shall constitute a trust fund, in conformity with the provisions of the Financial Regulations of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
3. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:
(a) compulsory and voluntary contributions made by States Parties to this Convention,
(b) Contributions, gifts or bequests which may be made by:
(i) other States;
(ii) the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, other organizations of the United Nations system, particularly the United Nations Development Programme or other intergovernmental organizations;
(iii) public or private bodies or individuals;
(c) any interest due on the resources of the Fund;
(d) funds raised by collections and receipts from events organized for the benefit of the fund; and
(e) all other resources authorized by the Fund's regulations, as drawn up by the World Heritage Committee.
4. Contributions to the Fund and other forms of assistance made available to the Committee may be used only for such purposes as the Committee shall define. The Committee may accept contributions to be used only for a certain programme or project, provided that the Committee shall have decided on the implementation of such programme or project. No political conditions may be attached to contributions made to the Fund.

Article 16
1. Without prejudice to any supplementary voluntary contribution, the States Parties to this Convention undertake to pay regularly, every two years, to the World Heritage Fund, contributions, the amount of which, in the form of a uniform percentage applicable to all States, shall be determined by the General Assembly of States Parties to the Convention, meeting during the sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. This decision of the General Assembly requires the majority of the States Parties present and voting, which have not made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. In no case shall the compulsory contribution of States Parties to the Convention exceed 1% of the contribution to the regular budget of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
2. However, each State referred to in Article 31 or in Article 32 of this Convention may declare, at the time of the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, that it shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.
3. A State Party to the Convention which has made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article may at any time withdraw the said declaration by notifying the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. However, the withdrawal of the declaration shall not take effect in regard to the compulsory contribution due by the State until the date of the subsequent General Assembly of States parties to the Convention.
4. In order that the Committee may be able to plan its operations effectively, the contributions of States Parties to this Convention which have made the declaration referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article, shall be paid on a regular basis, at least every two years, and should not be less than the contributions which they should have paid if they had been bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article.
5. Any State Party to the Convention which is in arrears with the payment of its compulsory or voluntary contribution for the current year and the calendar year immediately preceding it shall not be eligible as a Member of the World Heritage Committee, although this provision shall not apply to the first election.
The terms of office of any such State which is already a member of the Committee shall terminate at the time of the elections provided for in Article 8, paragraph 1 of this Convention.

Article 17
The States Parties to this Convention shall consider or encourage the establishment of national public and private foundations or associations whose purpose is to invite donations for the protection of the cultural and natural heritage as defined in Articles 1 and 2 of this Convention.

Article 18
The States Parties to this Convention shall give their assistance to international fund-raising campaigns organized for the World Heritage Fund under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. They shall facilitate collections made by the bodies mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 15 for this purpose.
V. CONDITIONS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE

Article 19
Any State Party to this Convention may request international assistance for property forming part of the cultural or natural heritage of outstanding universal value situated within its territory. It shall submit with its request such information and documentation provided for in Article 21 as it has in its possession and as will enable the Committee to come to a decision.

Article 20
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 13, sub-paragraph (c) of Article 22 and Article 23, international assistance provided for by this Convention may be granted only to property forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee has decided, or may decide, to enter in one of the lists mentioned in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11.

Article 21
1. The World Heritage Committee shall define the procedure by which requests to it for international assistance shall be considered and shall specify the content of the request, which should define the operation contemplated, the work that is necessary, the expected cost thereof, the degree of urgency and the reasons why the resources of the State requesting assistance do not allow it to meet all the expenses. Such requests must be supported by experts' reports whenever possible.
2. Requests based upon disasters or natural calamities should, by reasons of the urgent work which they may involve, be given immediate, priority consideration by the Committee, which should have a reserve fund at its disposal against such contingencies.
3. Before coming to a decision, the Committee shall carry out such studies and consultations as it deems necessary.

Article 22
Assistance granted by the World Heritage Fund may take the following forms:
(a) studies concerning the artistic, scientific and technical problems raised by the protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage, as defined in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 11 of this Convention;
(b) provisions of experts, technicians and skilled labour to ensure that the approved work is correctly carried out;
(c) training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage;
(d) supply of equipment which the State concerned does not possess or is not in a position to acquire;
(e) low-interest or interest-free loans which might be repayable on a long-term basis;
(f) the granting, in exceptional cases and for special reasons, of non-repayable subsidies.

Article 23
The World Heritage Committee may also provide international assistance to national or regional centres for the training of staff and specialists at all levels in the field of identification, protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the cultural and natural heritage.

Article 24
International assistance on a large scale shall be preceded by detailed scientific, economic and technical studies. These studies shall draw upon the most advanced techniques for the protection, conservation, presentation and rehabilitation of the natural and cultural heritage and shall be consistent with the objectives of this Convention. The studies shall also seek means of making rational use of the resources available in the State concerned.

Article 25
As a general rule, only part of the cost of work necessary shall be borne by the international community. The contribution of the State benefiting from international assistance shall constitute a substantial share of the resources devoted to each programme or project, unless its resources do not permit this.

Article 26
The World Heritage Committee and the recipient State shall define in the agreement they conclude the conditions in which a programme or project for which international assistance under the terms of this Convention is provided, shall be carried out. It shall be the responsibility of the State receiving such international assistance to continue to protect, conserve and present the property so safeguarded, in observance of the conditions laid down by the agreement.

VI. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES

Article 27
1. The States Parties to this Convention shall endeavor by all appropriate means, and in particular by educational and information programmes, to strengthen appreciation and respect by their peoples of the cultural and natural heritage defined in Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention.
2. They shall undertake to keep the public broadly informed of the dangers threatening this heritage and of the activities carried on in pursuance of this Convention.

Article 28
States Parties to this Convention which receive international assistance under the Convention shall take appropriate measures to make known the importance of the property for which assistance has been received and the role played by such assistance.

VII. REPORTS

Article 29
1. The States Parties to this Convention shall, in the reports which they submit to the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on dates and in a manner to be determined by it, give information on the legislative and administrative provisions which they have adopted and other action which they have taken for the application of this Convention, together with details of the experience acquired in this field.
2. These reports shall be brought to the attention of the World Heritage Committee.
3. The Committee shall submit a report on its activities at each of the ordinary sessions of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

VIII FINAL CLAUSES

Article 30
This Convention is drawn up in Arabic, English, French, Russian and Spanish, the five texts being equally authoritative.

Article 31
1. This Convention shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by States members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.
2. The instruments of ratification or acceptance shall be deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Article 32
1. This Convention shall be open to accession by all States not members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization which are invited by the General Conference of the Organization to accede to it.
2. Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Article 33
This Convention shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, but only with respect to those States which have deposited their respective instruments of ratification, acceptance or accession on or before that date. It shall enter into force with respect to any other State three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession.

Article 34
The following provisions shall apply to those States Parties to this Convention which have a federal or non-unitary constitutional system:
(a) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation of which comes under the legal jurisdiction of the federal or central legislative power, the obligations of the federal or central government shall be the same as for those States parties which are not federal States;
(b) with regard to the provisions of this Convention, the implementation of which comes under the legal jurisdiction of individual constituent States, countries, provinces or cantons that are not obliged by the constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures, the federal government shall inform the competent authorities of such States, countries, provinces or cantons of the said provisions, with its recommendation for their adoption.

Article 35
1. Each State Party to this Convention may denounce the Convention.
2. The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in writing, deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
3. The denunciation shall take effect twelve months after the receipt of the instrument of denunciation. It shall not affect the financial obligations of the denouncing State until the date on which the withdrawal takes effect.

Article 36
The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization shall inform the States members of the Organization, the States not members of the Organization which are referred to in Article 32, as well as the United Nations, of the deposit of all the instruments of ratification, acceptance, or accession provided for in Articles 31 and 32, and of the denunciations provided for in Article 35.

Article 37
1. This Convention may be revised by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Any such revision shall, however, bind only the States which shall become Parties to the revising convention.
2. If the General Conference should adopt a new convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new convention otherwise provides, this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification, acceptance or accession, as from the date on which the new revising convention enters into force.

Article 38
In conformity with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, this Convention shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations at the request of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Done in Paris, this twenty-third day of November 1972, in two authentic copies bearing the signature of the President of the seventeenth session of the General Conference and of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and certified true copies of which shall be delivered to all the States referred to in Articles 31 and 32 as well as to the United Nations.

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